קורס גרפיקה ממוחשבת 2008 סמסטר ב' ליאור שפירא 1 חלק מהשקפים מעובדים משקפים של פרדו דוראנד, טומס פנקהאוסר ודניאל כהן-אור

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קורס גרפיקה ממוחשבת 2008 סמסטר ב' ליאור שפירא 1 חלק מהשקפים מעובדים משקפים של פרדו דוראנד, טומס פנקהאוסר ודניאל כהן-אור

מרצה: ליאור שפירא liors@post.tau.ac.il אתר שלי: אתר הקורס: שעת קבלה: יום ג' 14-15 http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~liors בירוקרטיה http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/courses/computer-graphics/08b/ )שרייבר 2( עוזר הוראה ובודק תרגילים: שי שלום ילמד,OpenGL יגדיר את הפרויקטים 2

התכנית להיום הקדמה גרפיקה ממוחשבת בעולם סילבוס )מה נלמד בקורס( דרישות )תרגילים, מבחן( Raster Graphics.1.2 3

הקדמה גרפיקה ממוחשבת? Imaging = representing 2D images Modeling = representing 3D objects Rendering = constructing 2D images from 3D models Animation = simulating changes over time 4

The Visual Sciences The World Image Processing Image Computational Photography 3D Object Computer Vision Geometric Modeling Rendering Model 5

גרפיקה ממוחשבת בעולם 6

שימושים לגרפיקה ממוחשבת Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art King Kong (Universal Pictures) The Incredibles (Pixar) Crysis (Crytek) 7

Movies and TV Surf s up (sony) Rugby commercial (ad) (making of) Battlestar Galactica (Scifi Channel) 8

Luxo Jr Pixar Animation Studios, 1986 Director: John Lasseter 9

1993 - Doom 1996 Doom II Games 1998 - Unreal 1997 Quake II 2004 UT 2004 2008 Halo 3 Pre-rendered Gameplay 10

Simulation 11

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art Los Angeles Airport (Bill Jepson, UCLA) Gear Shaft Design (Intergraph Corporation) Boeing 777 Airplane (Boeing Corporation) 12

CAD-CAM & design 13

Virtual reality Virtual Reality C.A.V.E Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality Human-Machine Interfaces Jeeves Photogeist Virtual Worlds 14

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art Airflow Inside a Thunderstorm (Bob Wilhelmson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Molecular Surface Abstraction (Cipriano et al) Apo A-1 (Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Interactive Cutaway Illustrations (Microsoft Research) 15

Medical imaging 16

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art Driving Simulation (Evans & Sutherland) Desk Assembly (Silicon Graphics, Inc.) Flight Simulation (NASA) 17

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art Forum of Trajan (Bill Jepson, UCLA) Human Skeleton (SGI) 18

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art Second Life Virtual Phone Store (Lucent Technologies) 19

Applications Entertainment Computer-aided design Scientific visualization Training Education E-commerce Computer art וכל התמונות המפוזרות לאורך המצגת... Blair Arch (Marissa Range & Adam Finkelstein, Princeton University)c 20

סילבוס The screen is a window through which one sees a virtual world. The challenge is to make that world look real, act real, sound real, feel real. Sutherland, 1965 21

סילבוס 1. Image processing 2. Rendering OpenGL 3. Modeling 4. Animation Rendering (Michael Bostock, CS426, Fall99) Image Processing (Rusty Coleman, CS426, Fall99) Modeling (Dennis Zorin, CalTech) Animation (Angel, Plate 1) 22

Image Processing Raster Graphics Display devices Color models Image Representation Sampling Reconstruction Quantization & Aliasing Image Processing Filtering Warping Morphing Composition Image Morphing (All students in CS 426, Fall98) Image Composition (Michael Bostock, CS426, Fall99) Seam Carving (Shamir,Avidan) 23

Rendering 3D Rendering Pipeline Modeling transformations Viewing transformations Hidden surface removal Illumination, shading, and textures Scan conversion, clipping Hierarchical scene graphics OpenGL Global illumination Ray tracing Radiosity OpenGL (Chi Zhang, CS 426, Fall99) Ray Tracing (James Percy, CS 426, Fall99) 24

The Rendering Pipeline Transformations Clipping Rasterization Visibility 25

Rendering Global illumination Ray tracing Radiosity 26

Ray Casting For every pixel construct a ray from the eye For every object in the scene Find intersection with the ray Keep if closest 27

Ray Tracing Original Ray-traced image by Whitted Image computed using the Dali ray tracer by Henrik Wann Jensen Environment map by Paul Debevec Metal Glass Glossy 28

Traditional Ray Tracing 29

Ray Tracing+soft shadows 30

Ray Tracing+caustics 31

Global Illumination 32

Shadows Soft Shadows Hard Shadows 33

Image-based Rendering Use images as inputs and representation E.g. Image-based modeling and photo editing Boh, Chen, Dorsey and Durand 2001 Input image New viewpoint Relighting 34

Rendering - NPR Non Photorealistic Rendering Real-time Pencil Rendering (Lee et al) 3D Collage (Gal et al) Zelda the Windwalker (Nintendo) 35

Modeling Representations of geometry Curves: splines Surfaces: meshes, splines, subdivision Solids: Voxels, CSG, BSP Procedural modeling Sweeps Fractals Grammars Shell (Douglas Turnbull, CS 426, Fall99) Scenery Designer (Dirk Balfanz, Igor Guskov, Sanjeev Kumar, & Rudro Samanta, CS426, Fall95) 36

Modeling Curved surfaces Subdivision surfaces Bump Mapping 37

Textures and Shading Just the model http://www. 3drender.com/jbirn/hippo/hairyhipponose.html 38

Textures and Shading Add a little shading http://www. 3drender.com/jbirn/hippo/hairyhipponose.html 39

Textures and Shading And sprinkle some textures and shadows http://www. 3drender.com/jbirn/hippo/hairyhipponose.html 40

Animation: Keyframing ACM 1987 Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation 41

Animation Keyframing Kinematics Articulated figures Motion capture Capture Warping Dynamics Physically-based simulations Particle systems Behaviors Planning, learning, etc. Flocking Behaviour 1978 ( Reynolds) Deformation Transfer (Sumner et al) Style Based Inverse Kinematics )Grochow et al) 42

43 שאלות עד כה?

דרישות The (last) Flight Of A Mouse Maya, mental ray, Photoshop February 2005 44

דרישות השיעורים כל שבוע יתקיים שיעור בן 3 שעות חלק מהשיעורים יוקדשו ל- אלגברה לינארית OpenGL התרגילים במהלך הסמסטר יינתנו 3 תרגילים מעשיים )ייתכן ויינתנו עוד תרגילי רשות( התרגילים הינם חובה וייעשו בזוגות משקל התרגילים בציון הוא 70% )לא מתחלק שווה בשווה( הנושאים יהיו )בערך(: casting, image processing, ray modeling+rendering המבחן ייערך בסוף הסמסטר, משקלו 40% )כן זו לא טעות( 45

התרגילים מידע נוסף התרגילים ייעשו בזוגות )יש לבקש אישור לעבוד לבד, אתם חייבים לכתוב קוד בעצמכם אם אתם משתמשים ברעיונות, לכל תרגיל יינתנו הוראות מפורטות. זה בסדר ל... אסור יותר מזוג( )לא להוריד מהאינטרנט( לדבר עם סטודנטים אחרים על גישה, רעיונות וכו' לקבל מידע ורעיונות מספרים, האינטרנט וכו' ספריות תוכנה עליכם לציין זאת בהגשה ולתת קרדיט. להשתמש בספריות עזר )לעיבוד תמונה, הצגת תלת מימד( אך עליכם לציין במה השתמשתם זה לא בסדר! לשתף קוד עם סטודנטים אחרים להשתמש ברעיונות או קוד בלי לציין זאת 46

בהצלחה בקורס! שבוע הבא תרגיל ראשון, תמצאו בן זוג! 47